칼 안드레(Carl Andre, b.1935)

Carl Andre is an artist representing the Minimalist thought trend, also known as ABC art and literalism, which succeeded Abstract Expressionism in the early 1960s, alongside Frank Stella, Donald Judd, Robert Morris, and Sol LeWitt. Based in New York, where multiple avant-garde art movements took place at the time, Andre emphasized the relational aspect between artworks, spaces, and viewers while eliminating the inherent meaning of the work itself and hinting at expanding possibilities, by using the method of turning industrial materials like wood, metal, bricks, and polystyrene foam into unit elements of simple forms and arranging them with repetition. 

He participated in distinguished art scenes including multiple Kassel Documenta exhibitions, the 1978 Venice Biennale exhibition, MoMA, and the Guggenheim Museum; and the exhibition Carl Andre: Sculpture as Place, 1958–2010 toured from New York’s Dia Beacon to the Queen Sofía National Museum Art Center in Madrid, the Hamburger Bahnhof contemporary art museum in Germany, the Museum of Modern Art of the City of Paris, and MOCA Los Angeles from 2014 to 2017. His works can be found in public collections around the world, at MoMA in New York, the Hara Museum of Contemporary Art in Tokyo, the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Tate Modern in London, and the Pompidou Center in Paris, among other places.